Stove



June 27, 1944. RAULSTON 2,352,567-

' v STOVE Filed March so, 1945 Patented June 27, 1944 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE STOVE James Leonard Raulston, South Pittsburgh, Tenn. Application March 30, 1943, Serial No. 481,125

3 Claims.

This invention relates to stoves and like heating devices, and is particularly concerned with stoves of that type which have a high heating capacity per area to be heated.

Prior known stoves of this type have been subject to the objection of not being controllable over a relatively wide heating range, that is, while such stoves could be-brought to a high heating temperature by proper stoking and draft regulation, they could not be reduced to a relatively low temperature without undue heat loss.

An object of the present invention, therefore, is to provide a heating device or stove which is capable of being brought to a high heating temperature within a short period and which at the same time is controllable to reduce the heating temperature over a wide range Without sacrificing render more economical in operation stoves adapted for heating restricted areas, such as small dwelling houses, troop quarters, and the like.

The foregoing and other objects and advantages will become apparent in view of the following description taken in conjunction with the drawing, wherein:

Figure 1 is the view in transverse vertical section of a stove in accordance with the invention;

Fig. 2, a view in front elevation of the stove of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3, a section on the line 33, Fig. 1.

Referring to the drawing in detail, the stove selected as an example comprises an outercylindrical body or shell 10 which may be made of sheet metal, the shell being lined by refractory material in the form of a series of arcuate-shaped tile or blocks II which areinsertable endwise in the shell l and, when once inserted, lock themselves in position due to the radial or Wedgeshaped line of jointure thereof. The refractory tile is preferably fitted flush against the inner surface of the shell l0 and extends for substantially the full height of the magazine or fire pot I2.

The outer shell [0 is extended downwardly to provide an ash pit l3 having a bottom wall I4 and a door l5 provided with a handle l6 and damper ll. Suitable trim l8 may be installed around the base of the ash pit l3.

At the base of the fire pot I2 is a grate [9, having a series of spaced fingers 20 which enwhere the coal is poured into gage an outer supporting ring 2|,the latter also serving as a support for the fire'brick or tile II.

As heretofore noted, the stove is of the downdraft type and accordingly is provided with a down-draft tube 22 which is of gradually tapering or converging shape from its upper to its loWer end, and depends from the top wall 23 of the stove, the latter having a damper or draft control-24 mounted thereon and provided with a handle 24' whereby the damper may be rotated to fully open or closed position.

The top wall 23 forms part of a top assembly comprising an annular shell 25 which at its base is flared outwardly providing a draftshield or skirt 25a, the shell 25' being adapted to rest on a flange 26' forming part of a ring 26 which is of double angle or Z-shape in cross section. The ring 26 rests on top of the refractory tile or fire brick II with the flange 26' thereof projecting outwardly and resting on the upper edge of the shell l0. Thus the said ring receives the'weight of the top assembly and transmits it in part onto the shell l0 and in part onto the tile II. Since the shell I0 is g nerally made Of s ee metal or other relatively light material, it is important that the weight of the head assembly be partly relieved therefrom, nor is it desirable that all of the weight be imposed on the refractory tile. This ring also protects the the at the front of the stove where the magazine is loaded, or

the stove, and prevents chipping of the tile at this point.

The ring 26 at the front of the stove is provided with a series of draft openings'2'l controllable by a slidable damper 27a mounted ina.

cut out portion in the outer shell and having a handle 21b. It will be noted that the draft openings 21 lie-beneath the flared skirt 25a of the ring 25, the said flared skirt serving to direct air into the draft openings more effectively than would be the case were this part omitted.

An outlet duct or flu 28 is connected to or made as part of the top wall 23 and is provided with a top fresh air inlet or damper 2'9 and a similar back damper 30. The duct 28 is adapted to have connected thereto a flue pipe 3| provided with a damper 32. I

Coal may be loaded into the stove by means of a door 33 pivotally connected or hinged to the top wall at 34 and provided. with a handle 35. The stove is adapted to rest on legs 36, each of which is preferably of hollow or channel shape; and at the upper end of each channel 38 defined by said legs, the outer wall of the ash pit is provided with a draft opening 31, the said openings in the present instance being fixed and not subject to control. It will be noted that the channels 38 form draft ducts, leading to the draft openings 31.

In operation, coal may be loaded into the magazine or fire pot l2 to a point substantially on a level with the top of the refractory lining II, the down-draft tube 22 serving to cause a draft of air from the atmosphere to pass down through the tube and onto the co al bed therein, resulting in more, complete combustion of unburnt gases. The damper 24 for the down-draft tube 22 need only be slightly opened, but of course can be regulated to cover a wide range of conditions.

If it is desired to quickly bring the stove to .a

high heating temperature, assuming it has been loaded with. coal, then the dampers 21a, 29 and 30 should be closed to avoid passageof air from the atmosphere over the coal bed and outwardly through the flue 28. With the stack damper 32 open, there is a strong pull directly upward from the draft openings 31 through the coal bed and outwardly through the stack. The stack temperature may be controlled by the dampers 29 and 30, such control being important where high heating temperatures are present, since the stack may get so hot as to cause fire in the building, or adjacent its point of installation in the building. To increase the draft upwardly through the coal bed, the damper I! may also be opened.

In order to cool the stove down quickly, the dampers 21a, 29 and 30 may all be opened and I1 closed, whereupon a heavy drag of atmospheric air occurs in the space over the top surface of the coal bed and outwardly through the stack 3!. Obviously, intermediate temperatures may be attained by properly controlling the damper openings.

The stove may be manufactured at a low cost and embodies a relatively small amount of metal,

none of which is directly exposed to the fire except the down-draft tube 22. It will be understood that certain changes in construction and design may be adopted without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1 In a heating device or stove of the type specified, an outer shell extending for substantially the full height of the stove, a refractory lining disposed against the outer shell, said lining in conjunction with the adjacent portion of the outer shell defining a magazine chamber or fire box! for the stove, a gratering secured to said outer shelland constituting a bottom support for said refractory lining, a'grate carried by said ring, a top assembly, an angular supporting ring for said top assembly resting on and substantially covering the top of said refractory lining and the top edge of said outer shell to thereby distribute the weight of the top assembly on said lining and shell, said ring havingan upright wall formed with onev or more draft openings and said top assembly including an annular member formed with a downwardly and outwardly projecting skirt overlying said draft openings, adjustable damper means controlling said openings, said top assembly also including a door for loading fuel into the magazine chamber and said top ring also functioning to protect the top portion of the refractory lining against chipping which might result from the fuel-loading operation.

2. In a heating device or stove of the type specifled, an outer shell extending for substantially the full height of the stove, a refractory lining disposedagainst the outer shell, said lining in conjunction with the adjacent portion of the outer shell defining a magazine chamber or fire box for the stove, a grate ring secured to said outer shell and constituting a bottom support for said refractory lining, a grate carried by said ring, a top assembly, an angular supporting ring for said top assembly resting on and substantially covering the top of said refractory lining and the top edge of said outer shell to thereby distribute the weight of the top assembly on said lining and shell, said ,ring having an upright wall formed with one or more draft openings and said top assembly including an annular member formed with a downwardly and outwardly projecting skirt overlying said draft openings, adjustable damper means controlling said openings, said top assembly also including a door for loading fuel into the magazine chamber and said top ring also functioning to protect the top portion of the refractory lining against chipping which might result from the fuel loading operation, and'means for the admission of air into the stove below said grate for distribution'to said fire box.

3, In a heating device or stove of the typespecified, an outer shell extending for substantially the full height of the stove, a refractory lining disposed against the outer shell, said lining in conjunction with the adjacent portion of the outer shell defining a magazine chamber or fire box for the stove, a grate ring secured to said outer shell and constituting a bottom support for said refractory lining, a grate carried by said ring, a top assembly, an angular supporting ring for said top assembly resting on and substantially covering the top of said refractory lining and the top edge of said outer shell to thereby distribute the weight of the top assembly on said lining and shell, said ring having an upright wall formed with one or more draft openings and said top assembly including an annular member formed with a downwardly and outwardly projecting skirt overlying said draft openings, adjustable damper means controlling said openings, said top assembly also including a door for loading fuel into the magazine chamber and said top ring also functioning to protect the top portion of the refractorylining against chipping which might result from the fuel loadingoperation, means for the admission of air into the stove below said grate for distribution to said fire box, said means including spaced passages, and means for controlling the flow of air through one Of said passages, but allowing sufil- .cient air to enter to maintain minimum fire in said stove.

. JAMES LEONARD RAULSTON. 

